Colon Rectal Cancer Treatment | Cancer Centre

Comments about the treatment of Colon rectal cancer: The information in this section concerning the treatment should be read and interpreted with caution since it is a basic rule that must be fulfilled in all hospitals. Treatment of Colon rectal cancer is regulated by the available scientific information adapts to health care and economic resources of each region or country. Internet is full of pages of information on the treatment of Colon rectal cancer should also be interpreted with caution. Among the most reliable are: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Treatment of Colon rectal cancer is highly individualized and should be considered many factors, notably:

The age and expectation of life.
* Patient preferences regarding side effects associated with each treatment:
* Any serious illness a patient.
* The stage and grade of cancer.
* The probability of each type of treatment is curative

With data from the PSA, Gleason score and clinical stage T (Partin Tables), we can calculate the probability that Colon rectal cancer is:

* Organ confined disease.
* Extraprostatic extension (capsular rupture).
* Invasion of seminal vesicles.
* Invasion of the pelvic lymph nodes.
The patient must request a ?second opinion? (a widespread practice in the United States and is increasingly important in Spain) about the best treatment option depending on your situation, especially if there are several options available. The patient must weigh with your doctor and family, the benefits of each of the treatments and possible side effects and risks. Because Colon rectal cancer can be treated by different specialties, particularly urology and Radiation Oncology, each specialist will tend to inform the patient that its treatment is the best option. To overcome this subjectivity all cases of Colon rectal cancer should undergo a tumor board.

Should be noted that Colon rectal cancer is very different from other types of cancer and that at least 70% of cases no treatment is needed. No emabrgo, currently there is no way of knowing which patients will develop the disease more aggressively, which makes it necessary to treat it.

1. Expectant management

If the cancer causes no symptoms, it grows very slowly and is very small, confined in a small area of ??the Colon rectal may be recommended to keep a watchful waiting. In certain circumstances this may be the best option. This type of treatment is generally reserved for men over 80 years. Because Colon rectal cancer often grows very slowly, if the patient is older or have other serious diseases, it is necessary to treat Colon rectal cancer. Some men choose to wait and see, because they will not suffer the side effects of aggressive treatment and prefer to stay as they are. Keep a watchful waiting does not mean the patient will not receive any medical care or monitoring. On the contrary, the cancer will be observed and monitored. Determinations are usually performed in blood PSA and rectal exam every six months, possibly with transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy annually. If the patient develops any symptoms of the cancer grow faster, you have to consider moving to an active treatment. Is currently developing a large study sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program to clarify how the active treatment affects survival and quality of life of patients with Colon rectal cancer at different ages, called PIVOT (short Intervention Versus Observation for Prostatic Trial).

2. Surgery

Radical prostatectomy is surgery that is done with the intent to cure prostate cancer. Tradicionalmnte surgery has been done in men younger than 70 years. It is most often performed when the cancer has not exceeded the limits of the prostate gland (stage T1 or T2). In this operation, the urologist is cured by removing the prostate gland plus the surrounding tissues. There are two main types of radical prostatectomy:

* Radical retropubic prostatectomy: This is the operation performed by most surgeons urologists. It requires general anesthesia or epidural or spinal anesthesia. The urologist makes an incision in the lower abdomen from the navel to the pubic bone (suprapubic or infraumbilical half laparotomy). Some urologists removed some lymph nodes around the prostate while (node ??sampling). If some nodes were affected by cancer cells, mean that cancer has surpassed the prostate and not continue the operation because it would not be curative. Other urologists only the prostate gland removed but not the removal of lymph nodes. This decision depends on the level of PSA and Gleason score. If these parameters were high, you have to remove the lymph nodes surrounding the prostate. The urologist should also pay attention to two fine ?bundles? of nerves surrounding the prostate ahead (neurovascular bundle of the corpus cavernosum of the penis). These nerves control erection. If removed, the patient would get erections impotent and require additional treatment. If not removed can get spontaneous erections. If one nerve is removed is likely to maintain sexual potency, but less than if the two bundles were preserved. If the patient presents with erectile dysfunction before surgery, the urologist will try not to cut these nerves. But if the cancer has spread to these nerves, the surgeon will remove it.
* Perineal radical prostatectomy: In this operation, the urologist makes an incision in the perineum. This procedure is performed less often because the nerves of erection can not be easily identified and can not be removed lymph nodes. But it is an operation of short duration, less blood loss, allows for easier vesicourethral anastomosis, which may be appropriate if the patient does not want to maintain sexual potency or not require removal of lymph nodes. Also be done if there are other conditions that hamper the conduct retropubic surgery. Perineal surgery can be as curative as retropubic surgery if done correctly.

These operations lasting an hour and a half to four hours. Perineal prostatectomy takes less time than the retropubic approach. After surgery the patient will be hospitalized for 3 days and probably returned to work 3 to 5 weeks. It is recommended that patients donate their own blood before surgery if necessary during the operation. After surgery, the patient required to wear a urinary catheter or bladder (a catheter or tube inserted through the penile urethra to the bladder to empty). The probe should take between 10 and 20 days. When the patient can urinate on your own, will retire.

* Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP): This operation is palliative (that is, used to ease symptoms, not cure). The urologist removes part of the prostate that is around the urethra if the patient has severe voiding symptoms are not candidates for curative surgery. The RTU is very often used to treat BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). This operation is not necessary to make an incision in the skin. It inserts an instrument called a resectoscope through the tip of the penis into the urethra to the level of the prostate. Once there, the electricity passes through a metal arc, cut and vaporize tissue. It requires general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. This operation usually lasts about an hour. After surgery, you must wear a catheter for one to three days to heal the prostate. The patient will be admitted to the hospital for one to two days and can return to work in a week or two. Probably there will be blood in the urine (hematuria) after surgery, which usually resolves spontaneously. Other risks include infection and the risks associated with the type of anesthesia used.

3. Radiotherapy:

Radiation therapy uses high energy X rays (megavoltage) or particles to kill cancer cells. The radiation is low-grade cancer that is confined to the prostate or has only invaded neighboring tissue. Cure rates of radiotherapy are similar to those obtained with radical prostatectomy. If the disease is more advanced, radiation may be used to shrink the tumor and provide relief of symptoms present or future. Traditionally, radiotherapy has been reserved as first-line treatment in men between 70 and 80 years old with prostate cancer and other health problems that contraindicate surgery.

There are two main forms of radiation, external beam radiation and brachytherapy. The two forms of treatment are good methods of treatment for prostate cancer, however there are more long-term external radiation therapy?.

4. Chemotherapy:
Types of chemotherapy:

* Systemic chemotherapy: uses anticancer drugs that are administered intravenously or orally. These drugs into the bloodstream reach all areas of the body, making this treatment useful against tumors that have spread beyond the organ from which they originated (metastasis).
* Regional or local chemotherapy: The drug is injected directly into an artery leading to the body part that contains the tumor. This treatment concentrates the dose of chemotherapy that reaches the cancer cells and limits the amount that reaches other parts of the body, thereby reducing some side effects. Hepatic artery infusion is an example of regional chemotherapy sometimes used to treat colon cancer that has spread to the liver.

Source: http://www.cancers.biz/colon-rectal-cancer-treatment.html

host christina milian wyoming nicki minaj usa today oxycodone palm beach post